Interactive Packet Examples
Explore real network protocol packets with complete field breakdowns and hex data analysis.
UDP Simple Packet Example - ByteLens
Explore a simple UDP packet example with full header breakdown. Learn source port, destination port, length, and checksum fields in a real UDP datagram.
UDP Large Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze a UDP packet carrying an ASCII payload. Examine how the length field accounts for header plus payload, and see source port, destination port, and checksum in action.
UDP Maximum Length Example - ByteLens
Explore a near-maximum length UDP datagram with port 65535. Understand how UDP length field limits apply and how the header scales with larger payloads.
UDP DHCP Discovery Example - ByteLens
Study a UDP-based DHCP discovery packet. Learn how DHCP uses well-known ports 67 and 68 over UDP, and inspect the header fields in a real client-to-server datagram.
UDP Checksum Zero Example - ByteLens
Examine a UDP packet with checksum set to zero. In IPv4, UDP checksum is optional—setting it to 0x0000 means the sender skipped calculation, useful for performance-critical paths.
TCP SYN Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze a TCP SYN packet used in connection establishment. Understand the SYN flag, sequence numbers, window size, and TCP header fields step by step.
TCP SYN-ACK Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze a TCP SYN-ACK packet, the second step of the three-way handshake. Understand how both SYN and ACK flags are set, acknowledgment numbering, and TCP header fields.
TCP ACK Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze a TCP ACK packet, the final step of the three-way handshake. Understand the ACK flag, sequence and acknowledgment numbers, and how the connection is established.
IPv4 Basic Packet Example - ByteLens
Examine a basic IPv4 packet with complete header analysis. Learn version, IHL, TOS, total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, TTL, protocol, checksum, source and destination addresses.
Fragmented IPv4 Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze an IPv4 packet with fragmentation flags set. Understand how the MF flag and fragment offset fields indicate that more fragments follow, and inspect fragmentation-related header fields.
Minimum IPv4 Header Example - ByteLens
Study the smallest possible IPv4 header with no payload. See a 20-byte header only, demonstrating the minimum structure required for any IPv4 packet.
IPv4 Encapsulating TCP Example - ByteLens
Inspect an IPv4 packet carrying a TCP segment. Learn how the protocol field indicates TCP (6) and observe the encapsulation of a TCP header within the IPv4 payload.
IPv4 Encapsulating UDP Example - ByteLens
Examine an IPv4 packet carrying a UDP datagram. Understand how the protocol field indicates UDP (17) and inspect the encapsulated UDP header within the IPv4 payload.
IPv6 Basic Packet Example - ByteLens
Study a basic IPv6 packet with detailed header breakdown. Understand version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, next header, hop limit, and 128-bit source/destination addresses.
Link-Local Address Example - ByteLens
Examine an IPv6 packet with link-local addresses (fe80::/10). Understand how link-local addressing works for local network communication in IPv6.
Hop Limit 255 Example - ByteLens
Study an IPv6 packet with maximum hop limit (255). Understand the hop limit field and its role in preventing infinite packet loops.
IPv6 + UDP Example - ByteLens
Analyze an IPv6 packet encapsulating a UDP header. Learn how IPv6 carries upper-layer protocols with the next header field.
IPv6 with Payload Example - ByteLens
Explore an IPv6 packet containing TCP header and HTTP GET payload. Understand how IPv6 handles larger payloads and protocol encapsulation.
DNS Query Packet Example - ByteLens
Break down a real DNS query packet field by field. Learn transaction ID, flags, question count, answer count, authority count, additional count, and query structure.
DNS Response Packet Example - ByteLens
Analyze a DNS response packet with answer records. Understand response flags, answer count, resource record structure, TTL, and returned IP address.
DNS MX Record Query Example - ByteLens
Examine a DNS MX record query packet. Learn how to query mail exchange records, query type field values, and mail server lookup structure.
DNS NXDOMAIN Error Example - ByteLens
Study a DNS error response with NXDOMAIN status. Understand response code fields, error flags, and how DNS indicates a non-existent domain.
DNS over UDP Transport Example - ByteLens
Inspect a real-world DNS query encapsulated in a UDP packet. Understand UDP header plus DNS payload structure, source and destination ports, and transport-level encapsulation.
Ethernet II Basic Frame Example - ByteLens
Inspect a basic Ethernet II frame with MAC addresses and EtherType. Learn destination MAC, source MAC, EtherType field, and payload structure.
Ethernet II IPv6 Frame Example - ByteLens
Examine an Ethernet II frame encapsulating an IPv6 packet. Learn how EtherType 0x86DD identifies IPv6 and how MAC addresses map to IPv6 addresses.
Ethernet II ARP Frame Example - ByteLens
Analyze an Ethernet II frame carrying an ARP request. Understand how EtherType 0x0806 identifies ARP and the role of broadcast MAC in address resolution.
Ethernet II Broadcast Frame Example - ByteLens
Study an Ethernet II broadcast frame with destination MAC set to all ones. Learn how broadcast works at the data-link layer.
Ethernet II VLAN Tagged Frame Example - ByteLens
Inspect a VLAN-tagged Ethernet II frame with 802.1Q encapsulation. Learn how EtherType 0x8100 identifies VLAN tags and how VLAN ID is encoded.